A destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller, powerful, short-range attackers. Destroyers, originally called torpedo-boat destroyers in 1892, evolved from the response of navies to the threat posed by the torpedo boat. Growing from earlier defensive developments, the torpedo boat destroyer (TBD) first appeared as a distinct class of warship when HMS Havock and Hornet were commissioned into the Royal Navy in 1894. By the time of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, TBDs were "large, swift, and powerfully armed torpedo boats designed to destroy other torpedo boats." Although the term destroyer had been used interchangeably with the terms "TBD" and "torpedo boat destroyer" by navies since 1892, the term torpedo boat destroyer had been generally shortened to simply "destroyer" by nearly all navies by the First World War.
Prior to World War II, destroyers were light vessels with little endurance for unattended ocean operations; typically a number of destroyers and a single destroyer tender operated together. After the war, the advent of the guided missile allowed destroyers to take on the surface combatant roles previously filled by battleships and cruisers. This resulted in larger and more powerful destroyers more capable of independent operation.
At the dawn of the 21st Century, destroyers are the heaviest surface combatant ships in general use, with only three nations (the United States, Russia, and Peru) operating the heavier class cruisers and none operating battleships or true battlecruisers. Modern destroyers, also known as guided missile destroyers, are equivalent in tonnage but vastly superior in firepower to cruisers of the World War II era, capable of carrying nuclear missiles. Guided missile destroyers such as the Arleigh Burke class are actually larger and more heavily armed than most previous ships classified as guided missile cruisers, due to their massive size at 510 feet (160 m) long and weighting in at 9200 tons and armed with over 90 missiles.List of Destroyer Battleship Classes:
| Destroyer Batteship | Picture | spesifikasi | Country | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zumwalt Class Destroyer |  | Displacement: 14,564 - 14,798 tons Length: 600 ft (180 m) Beam: 80.7 ft (24.6 m) Draft: 27.6 ft (8.4 m) Propulsion: 105,000 shp Speed: 30 knot (56 km/h) | US | 2015 |
| Kolkata Cass Destroyer |  | Displacement: 6,800 ton Length: 163 m (535 ft) Beam: 17.4 m (57 ft) Propulsion: 9,900 hp (7,400 kW) Speed: 30 knots (56 km/h) | India | 2012 |
| Type 052C destroyer - Luyang II class |  | Displacement: 7,000 tons Length:154 m Beam: 17 m Draught: 6 m Propulsion: CODOG 57,000 shp Speed: 30 knots | China | 2010 |
| Akizuki Class Destroyer |  | Displacement: 6,800 tons Length:150.5 m Beam: 18.3 m Draught: 5.3 m Propulsion: COGAG, two shafts, four Rolls Royce Spey SM1C turbines Speed: 30 knots | Japan | 2010 |
| Type 45 Destroyer |  | Displacement: 8,100 tons Length:154.2 m Beam: 21.2 m Draught: 7.4 m Propulsion: 2× (28,800 shp) 2× (2,700 shp) 2× (27,000 shp) Speed: 29 knots | UK | 2009 |
| Atago Class Destroyer |  | Displacement: 10,000 tons Length:170 m Beam: 21 m Draught: 6.2 m Propulsion: 100,000 shp Speed: 29 knots | Japan | 2007 |
| King Sejong the Great Class Destroyer |  | Displacement: 11,000 tons Length:165.9 m Beam: 21.4 m Draught: 6.25 m Propulsion: 100,000 shp Speed: 30 knots | South Korea | 2007 |
| Type 051C (Luzhou) Class Destroyer |  | Displacement: 7,100 tons Length: 508.5 feet (155 m) Beam: 55.8 feet (17 m) Draught: 19.7 feet (6 m) | China | 2006 |
| Type 052B Guangzhou Class |  | Displacement: 5,850 tons Length:154 m Beam: 17 m Draught: 6 m Propulsion: 57,000 shp Speed: 30 knots | China | 2004 |
| Takanami class destroyer |  | Displacement: 4,650-6,300 tons Length:151 m Beam: 17.4 m Draft: 5.3 m Propulsion: 60,000 shp Speed: 30 knots | Japan | 2003 |
| Chungmugong Yi Sun-shin class destroyer |  | Displacement: 4,500-5,520 tons Length:150 m Beam: 17.4 m Draft: 9.5 m Propulsion: - Speed: 29 knots | South Korea | 2003 |
| Type 051B Luhai Class Destroyer |  | Displacement: 6,100 tons Length:153 m Beam: 16.5 m Draft: 6 m Propulsion: - Speed: 31 knots | China | 1998 |
| Gwanggaeto the Great class destroyers |  | Displacement: 3,885-3,900 tons Length:135.5 m Beam: 14.5 m Draft: 4.2 m Propulsion: - Speed: 30 knots | South Korea | 1998 |
| Murasame class destroyer |  | Displacement: 4,550-6,100 tons Length:151 m Beam: 17.4 m Draft: 5.2 m Propulsion: 60.000 shp Speed: 30 knots | Japan | 1996 |
| Tourville Class Destroyer |  | Displacement: 4,580-6,100 tons Length:152.75 m Beam: 15.8 m Draft: 6.6 m Propulsion: 58.000 shp Speed: 32 knots | France | 1994 |
| Durand de la Penne class destroyer |  | Displacement: 4,500-5,400 tons Length:147.7 m Beam: 16.1 m Draft: 5 m Propulsion: 67.000 shp Speed: 32 knots | Italy | 1993 |
| Arleigh Burke Class Destroyer |  | Displacement: 9,166 -11,000 tons Length: 505 ft (154 m) Beam: 66 ft (20 m) Draft: 30.5 ft (9.3 m) Propulsion: 108,000 shp Speed: 30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph) Range: 4,400 nmi (8,100 km) at 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph) | US | 1991 |
| Kongo class guided missile destroyer |  | Displacement: 7,500-9,500 tons Length: 161 m Beam: 21 m Draft: 6.2 m Propulsion: 100,000 shp Speed: 30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph) Range: 4,500 nmi (8,100 km) at 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph) | Japan | 1990 |
| Asagiri class destroyer |  | Displacement: 3,500-4,900 tons Length: 137 m Beam: 14.6 m Draft: 8.8 m Propulsion: 54,000 shp Speed: 30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph) Range: 8,030 nmi (14,870 km) at 14 kn (26 km/h) | Japan | 1986 |
| Hatakaze class guided missile destroyer |  | Displacement: 4,600 tons Length: 150 m Beam: 16.4 m Draft: 4.8 m Propulsion: 72,000 shp Speed: 30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph) | Japan | 1986 |
| Hatsuyuki class destroyer |  | Displacement: 2,950-3,050 tons Length: 130 m Beam: 13.6 m Draft: 4.4 m Propulsion: 55,000 shp Speed: 30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph) | Japan | 1982 |
| Kidd class destroyer |  | Displacement: 7,289-9,783 tons Length: 172 m Beam: 17 m Draft: 10 m Propulsion: 80,000 shp Speed: 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph) Range: 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) | US | 1981 |
| Sovremenny Class Destroyer |  | Displacement: 6,200 tons standard, 7,940 tons full load Length: 156 m Beam: 17.3 m Draught: 6.5 m Propulsion: 100,000 hp (75,000 kW), Speed: 32.7 knots Range: 14,000 nm at 14 knot | Russia | 1980 |
| Rajput class guided-missile destroyer |  | Displacement:3,950-4,974 tons Length: 147 m Beam: 15.8 m Draught: 5 m Propulsion: 72,000 hp Speed: 35 knots Range: 4,000 mi (6,400 km) at 18 knots (33 km/h) | India | 1980 |
| Shirane class destroyer |  | Displacement: 5,200-7,500 tons Length: 159 m Beam: 17,5 m Draught: 5.3 m Propulsion: 70,000 hp Speed: 31 knots Range: - | Japan | 1980 |
| Udaloy class destroyer |  | Displacement: 6,200-7,900 tons Length: 163 m Beam: 19.3 m Draught: 6.2 m Propulsion: 120,000 hp Speed: 35 knots Range: 10,500 nm at 14 kt | Russia | 1980 |
| Sovremenny class destroyer |  | Displacement: 6,200-7,940 tons Length: 156 m Beam: 17.3 m Draught: 6.5 m Propulsion: 100,000 hp Speed: 32.7 knots Range: 14,000 nm at 14 kt | Russia | 1980 |
| Delhi Class Destroyer |  | Displacement: 6,200 tons Length: 163 m (535 ft) Beam: 17.4 m (57 ft) Draught: 6.5 m (21 ft) Propulsion: 64,000 shp Speed: 28 knots (52 km/h)+ Range: 5,000 mi (8,000 km) | India | 1977 |
| Tachikaze class destroyer |  | Displacement: 3,910tons Length: 143 m Beam: 14.3 m Draught: 4.6 m Propulsion: 60,000 shp Speed: 32 knots Range: - | Japan | 1976 |
| Type 42 Sheffield class destroyer |  | Displacement: 4,350-5,350 tons Length: 141.1 m Beam: 14.9 m Draught: 5.8 m Propulsion: 50,000 shp Speed: 30 knots Range: - | UK | 1975 |
| Spruance class destroyer |  | Displacement: 8,040 tons Length: 172 m Beam: 16.8 m Draught: 8.8 m Propulsion: 80,000 shp Speed: 32.5 knots Range: 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) | US | 1975 |
| Haruna class destroyers |  | Displacement: 6,900 tons Length: 153.1 m Beam: 17.5 m Draught: 5.2 m Propulsion: 60,000 shp Speed: 31 knots Range: - | Japan | 1973 |
| Type 82 or Bristol-class destroyer |  | Displacement: 6,000 tons Length: 154.53 m Beam: 16.76 m Draught: 7.5 m Propulsion: 60,000 shp Speed: 28 knots Range: 5,750 nautical miles (10,650 km) at 18 kt (33 km/h) | UK | 1973 |
| Audace class destroyer |  | Displacement: 4,554 tons Length: 140.7 m Beam: 14.7 m Draught: 4.5 m Propulsion: 73,000 shp Speed: 33 knots Range: 4,000 miles at 25 knots | Italy | 1972 |
| Type 051 Luda class |  | Displacement: 3,670 tons Length: 132 m Beam: 12.8 m Draught: 4.6 m Propulsion: 72,000 shp Speed: 32 knots Range: 2,970 miles at 25 knots | China | 1971 |
| Type 103 Lütjens class destroyers |  | Displacement: 4,720 tons Length: 133.2 m Beam: 14.3 m Draught: 6.1 m Propulsion: 70,000 shp Speed: 33 knots Range: 4,500 nautical miles (8,300 km) at 20 knots (37 km/h) | Germany | 1970 |
| Yamagumo class destroyer |  | Displacement: 2,200 tons Length: 115.2 m Beam: 11.8 m Draught: 4 m Propulsion: 52,000 shp Speed: 28 knots Range: 6,000 nmi (11,000 km) | Japan | 1966 |
| Perth class destroyer |  | Displacement: 4,500 tons Length: 134.4 m Beam: 14.4 m Draught: 6.1 m Propulsion: 70,000 shp Speed: 35 knots Range: 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) | Australia | 1965 |
| Type 101 Hamburg class destroyer |  | Displacement: 4,050 tons Length: 133.7 m Beam: 13.4 m Draught: 4.8 m Propulsion: 62,000 shp Speed: 35 knots Range: 3,400 nautical miles (6,300 km) at 18 knots (33 km/h) | Germany | 1964 |
| Kashin class destroyer |  | Displacement: 4,390 tons Length: 144 m Beam: 15.8 m Draught: 4.6 m Propulsion: 72,000 shp Speed: 33 knots Range: 3,500 nautical miles (6,480 km) at 18 knots (33 km/h) | Russia | 1964 |
| Impavido class destroyer |  | Displacement: 3,941 tons Length: 130.9 m Beam: 13.6 m Draught: 4.5 m Propulsion: 70,000 shp Speed: 34 knots Range: 3,300 nmi (6,100 km) at 20 kn (37 km/h) | Italy | 1963 |
| County class destroyer |  | Displacement: 6,200 tons Length: 157.96 m Beam: 16 m Draught: 6.4 m Propulsion: 60,000 shp Speed: 30 knots Range: 3,500 nmi | UK | 1962 |
| River class destroyer escort |  | Displacement: 2,700 tons Length: 107 m Beam: 12.49 m Draught: 4.57 m Propulsion: 60,000 shp Speed: 30 knots Range: 4,500 nautical miles (8,300 km; 5,200 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) | Australia | 1961 |
| Kanin class destroyer |  | Displacement: 4,500 tons Length: 126.1 m Beam: 12.7 m Draught: 4.2 m Propulsion: 72,000 shp Speed: 34.5 knots Range: - | Russia | 1960 |
| Farragut class destroyer 1958 |  | Displacement: 5,648 tons Length: 156.2 m Beam: 16 m Draught: 5.4 m Propulsion: 85,000 shp Speed: 32 knots Range: 5,000 nmi (9,000 km) at 20 knots (37 km/h) | US | 1958 |
| Kotlin class destroyer |  | Displacement: 2,662-3,560 tons Length: 126.1 m Beam: 12.7 m Draught: 4.2 m Propulsion: 72,000 shp Speed: 38 knots Range: - | Russia | 1958 |
| Charles F. Adams class destroyer |  | Displacement: 3,227-4,526 tons Length: 133 m Beam: 14 m Draught: 4.6 m Propulsion: 70,000 shp Speed: 33 knots Range: 4,500 nautical miles (8,300 km) at 20 knots (37 km/h) | US | 1958 |
| Impetuoso class destroyer |  | Displacement: 2,775-3,810 tons Length: 127.6 m Beam: 13.2 m Draught: 4.5 m Propulsion: 65,000 shp Speed: 34 knots Range: 3,000 nm at 16 knots | Italy | 1957 |
| Friesland class destroyer |  | Displacement: 2,497-3,070 tons Length: 116 m Beam: 11.7 m Draught: 5.2 m Propulsion: 60,000 shp Speed: 36 knots Range: 4000 nm at 18 knots | Netherlands | 1956 |
| Holland class destroyer |  | Displacement: 2,150-2,600 tons Length: 113.1 m Beam: 11.4 m Draught: 5.1 m Propulsion: 45,000 shp Speed: 32 knots Range: 4,000 nmi (7,400 km) at 18 kn (33 km/h) | Netherlands | 1956 |
| T 53 class destroyer |  | Displacement: 2,750-3,740 tons Length: 128.6 m Beam: 12.7 m Draught: 5.4 m Propulsion: 63,000 shp Speed: 34 knots Range: 5000 nmi at 18 knots | France | 1955 |
| Östergötland class destroyer |  | Displacement: 2,150-2,600 tons Length: 112 m Beam: 11.2 m Draught: 3.7 m Propulsion: 47,000 shp Speed: 35 knots Range: 3,000 nmi (6,000 km) at 20 knots (37 km/h) | Sweden | 1955 |
| Halland class destroyer |  | Displacement: 2,630-3,400 tons Length: 121 m Beam: 12.6 m Draught: 5.5 m Propulsion: 58,000 shp Speed: 35 knots Range: 3,000 nmi (6,000 km) at 20 knots (37 km/h) | Sweden | 1955 |
| Forrest Sherman class destroyer |  | Displacement: 2,800-4,050 tons Length: 127 m Beam: 14 m Draught: 6.7 m Propulsion: 70,000 shp Speed: 32.5 knots Range: 4,500 nautical miles (8,300 km) at 20 knots (37 km/h) | US | 1955 |
| Mitscher class destroyer |  | Displacement: 3,642-4,855 tons Length: 150 m Beam: 14.5 m Draught: 4.5 m Propulsion: 80,000 shp Speed: - knots Range: 4,500 nmi (8,330 km) at 20 knots (37 km/h) | US | 1953 |
| Nueva Esparta class destroyer |  | Displacement: 2,180-2,700 tons Length: 123 m Beam: 13 m Draught: 13.03 m Propulsion: 50,000 shp Speed: 34 knots Range: 10,000 nmi at 10 kn, 1 month | Venezuela | 1953 |
| Kildin class destroyer |  | Displacement: 2,662-3,230 tons Length: 126.1 m Beam: 12.7 m Draught: 4.2 m Propulsion: 72,000 shp Speed: 38 knots Range: - | Russia | 1950 |
| Neustrashimy class destroyer |  | Displacement: 3,100-3,830 tons Length: 133.83 m Beam: 13.57 m Draught: 4.42 m Propulsion: 66,000 shp Speed: 36 knots Range: - | Russia | 1950 |
| Soldati class destroyer |  | Displacement: 1,620-2,550 tons Length: 106.7 m Beam: 10.15 m Draught: 3.15 m Propulsion: 48,000 shp Speed: 38 knots Range: 2,200 nmi (4,100 km) at 20 kn (23 mph; 37 km/h) | Italy | 1949 |
| Skoryy class destroyer |  | Displacement: 2,316-3,066 tons Length: 120.5 m Beam: 12 m Draught: 3.9 m Propulsion: 60,000 shp Speed: 36.5 knots Range: 4,080 nautical miles (7,556 km; 4,695 mi) at 16 kn (30 km/h; 18 mph) | Russia | 1949 |
| Gearing class destroyer |  | Displacement: 2,616-3,460 tons Length: 119 m Beam: 12.5 m Draught: 4.4 m Propulsion: 60,000 shp Speed: 36.8 knots Range: 4,500 nmi at 20 knots (8,300 km at 37 km/h) | US | 1945 |
