TOROS (Topçu Roket Sistemi - Artillery Rocket System ) is a Turkish artillery rocket system, that has been developed in both 230 and 260 millimeter calibres. The system was developed by SAGE, and is used by the Turkish Army. The larger calibre rockets have a maximum range of 110 kilometers deliver a 145 kilogram high-explosive fragmentation warhead containing 30,000 steel balls.
The system consists of four vehicles:
- Launcher vehicle 6×6
- Logistics vehicle 6×6
- Maintenance vehicle 6×6
- Fire Command-Control vehicle 4×4
The 230 millimeter calibre system consists of six TOROS-230 unguided medium range rockets in a disposable launcher pod. The 260 millimeter calibre system consists of four TOROS-260 rockets in a disposable launcher pod. The launcher vehicle is designed to accept two TOROS-230 or TOROS-260 launcher pods.
Both rockets use an HTPB/AP solid propellent, and are stabilised in flight by four wrap-around fins. Sabots are fitted to the front of the rocket which fall away shortly after launch. Both rockets use a fin detent system to reduce wind dispersion, and are reported as having a dispersion of between one and two percent of their range. A variety of warheads have been proposed for the system including the basic blast fragmentation warhead, an electronic warfare warhead and a bunker busting warhead.
The launcher pods and advanced fire control system enable fast supply, loading, unloading, positioning and orientation operations. The unloading and reloading operations for two launch pods can be completed in less than twelve minutes. The system can be moved into position, oriented to target, and fired, all without the crew leaving the armoured cab. The launcher has a crew of three, but can be operated by a single person if needed.
Dispersion is reduced by helical rails which provide high roll rate during launch.
Specifications
| TOROS-230 | TOROS-260 | |
|---|---|---|
| Diameter | 230 mm | 260 mm |
| Length | 4.1 m | 4.8 m |
| Mass | 326/197 kg | 485/280 kg |
| Operational temperature | -30/+55•C | -30/+55•C |
| Range | 20 to 100 km | 25 to 160 km |
| Dispersion | 2 percent | 2 percent |
| Propellant | HTPB/AP | HTPB/AP |
| Shelf life | 10 year | 10 year |
| Launcher pods | TOROS-230 | TOROS-260 |
|---|---|---|
| Number of tubes | 6 | 4 |
| Length | 4.2 m | 4.9 m |
| Width | 1.0 m | 0.9 m |
| Height | 0.8 m | 0.9 m |
| Empty mass | 552 kg | 647 kg |
| Loaded mass | 2,442 kg | 2,441 kg |
