The S-400 Triumf is an air defense missile system developed by Russia's Almaz Central Design Bureau as an upgrade of the S-300 family. It is currently in limited service with the Russian Armed Forces.
The S-400's NATO reporting name is SA-21 Growler, and the system was previously known as S-300PMU-3. It overshadows the capabilities of the other systems from the S-300 series, and the range of its lesser used 40N6 missile is greater than the MIM-104D Patriot, although its main missile (the 9M96) has a range of less than a quarter of the MIM-104D Patriot's.
According to Russian sources, the S-400 is capable of detecting six targets out to a range of 400 km (250 miles), including aircraft, cruise missiles, and ballistic missiles having a range of max. 3,500 km and a speed of max. 4.8 km/s and then engaging them at ranges of up to 400 km. It is designed to have improved performance against stealth aircraft.
S-400 uses 3 different missiles to cover its entire performance envelope. These are the extremely long range 40N6, long range 48N6E3 and short range 9M96E or 9M96E2 missiles. Each one has different capabilities.
The S-400's NATO reporting name is SA-21 Growler, and the system was previously known as S-300PMU-3. It overshadows the capabilities of the other systems from the S-300 series, having a larger engagement envelope, a longer range, a higher rate of fire, and an improved jamming immunity. Externally, the S-400 launch vehicles closely resemble those of the S-300PMU-1 and S-300PMU-2 Favorit systems, and the 48N6E and 48N6E2 missiles used by these systems can also be launched from S-400.
The S-400's own missiles include the 9M96E and 9M96E2 medium range missiles, and a long range missile which has a range of 400 km. The S-400 belongs to the so-called 4+ generation of air and ballistic missile defense weapons.
The S-400 is said to be capable of detecting and simultaneously engaging six targets out to a range of 400 km (250 miles), including aircraft, cruise missiles, and ballistic missiles having a range of max. 3,500 km and a speed of max. 4.8 km/s. Furthermore, it is designed to counter stealth aircraft. The S-400 is expected to be superseded by the future S-500, with development expected to be completed by 2012.| S-400 Triumf NATO reporting name: SA-21 Growler | |
|---|---|
| Type | Transportable SAM system |
| Place of origin |  Russia |
| Service history | |
| In service | 2007–present |
| Used by | Russia |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Almaz/Antei Concern of Air Defence (PVO Kontsern) |
| Designed | Late 1990s–Early 2000s |
| Manufacturer | Fakel Machine-Building Design Bureau |
| Specifications | |
| | |
| Operational range | 400 km |
| Speed | Mach 5 |
